Difference between revisions of "Domesday Book"

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The Domesday Book was a census ordered by William the Conqueror in 1086 AD to determine what taxes could be levied from all the lands he had gained in his victory. The [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/domesday/world-of-domesday/default.htm National Archives Website] describes the complex hierarchy of ownership of land.
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Starting with King William, there were then Tenants-In-Chief (Lords and Church institutions) whose right to the land came directly from the king.
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The tenants-in-chief then sublet to other nobles, who kept some of the land for their own benefit (the land called Demesne), and the rest was sublet to the general population for various rents (in money, goods, or services for example for farming the demesne, or providing fighting men). Estates were called manors, and the manors did not correspond with parishes - there could be several manors that includes parts of the parish of Carlton.
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The first part of each record lists who owned the land in 1086, but the last section also states who owned it before the Norman invasion 20 years earlier.
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From it we can get some idea of what Carlton was like between 1066 and 1086.
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Notes:
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* A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hide_(unit) hide] was an amount of land for taxation purposes. It wasn't a fixed area, but 120 acres can be used as a rough guideline.
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* A plough was a team of 8 oxen and a plough - and the area they could farm (between 48-120 acres).
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* Only adult males were recorded.
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* A Freeman did not owe allegiance to any lord.
  
 
The whole of the Domesday book is available [http://opendomesday.org/ online], with a [http://opendomesday.org/place/TL6453/carlton/ page on Carlton].
 
The whole of the Domesday book is available [http://opendomesday.org/ online], with a [http://opendomesday.org/place/TL6453/carlton/ page on Carlton].
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== Land of Count Eustace ==
  
 
[[File:DomesdayCarlton15.png|500px]]
 
[[File:DomesdayCarlton15.png|500px]]
  
In RADFIELD Hundred
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In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundreds_of_Cambridgeshire RADFIELD Hundred]
 
William of Warenne holds 2 hides and 7.5 acres in CARLTON.
 
William of Warenne holds 2 hides and 7.5 acres in CARLTON.
 
Walter of Grand-court holds from him. Land for 4 ploughs.
 
Walter of Grand-court holds from him. Land for 4 ploughs.
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The value is and always was £4
 
The value is and always was £4
 
: Toki, King Edward's thane, held this manor.
 
: Toki, King Edward's thane, held this manor.
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''Note: this refers to King Edward as being the previous rightful owner, this is because King William did not recognise Harold as King.''
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In the same village the Abbot of Cluny holds 4 hides and 2 acres from William. Land for 7 ploughs. In lordship 3;
 
In the same village the Abbot of Cluny holds 4 hides and 2 acres from William. Land for 7 ploughs. In lordship 3;
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== Land of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rufus Count Alan] ==
  
 
[[File:DomesdayCarlton14.png|500px]]
 
[[File:DomesdayCarlton14.png|500px]]
 
In the section on the ''Land of Count Alan'':
 
  
 
In CARLTON Wymarc holds 1 virgate of land from the Count.
 
In CARLTON Wymarc holds 1 virgate of land from the Count.
 
A Freeman held it; he found cartage.
 
A Freeman held it; he found cartage.
Wymarc also holds 1.5hides from the Count. Land for 3 ploughs.
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Wymarc also holds 1.5 hides from the Count. Land for 3 ploughs.
 
In lordship 2;
 
In lordship 2;
 
: 3 villagers with 3 smallholders have 1 plough.
 
: 3 villagers with 3 smallholders have 1 plough.
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The value is and was £3.
 
The value is and was £3.
 
: Young Godwin held this lad under Edeva; he could not withdraw.
 
: Young Godwin held this lad under Edeva; he could not withdraw.
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== Land of Hardwin of Scales ==
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[[File:DomesdayCarlton24.png|500px]]
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In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundreds_of_Cambridgeshire RADFIELD Hundred]
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In Carlton 2 men-at-arms hold 0.5 hide less three acres from Hardwin.
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Land for 0.5 plough; it is there.
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The value is and always was 10s.
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: 2 Freemen held 38 acres of this land under Harold and found 1 escort for the Sheriff; a third held 8 acres from Earl Algar and found cartage, but he could not withdraw.
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== Land of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_of_Lens Countess Judith] ==
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[[File:DomesdayCarlton39.png|500px]]
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In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundreds_of_Cambridgeshire RADFIELD Hundred]
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In CARLTON the Countess holds 3 hides. Land for 8 ploughs.
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In lordship 1.5 hides; 2 ploughs there;
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: 12 villagers with 2 smallholders have 6 ploughs.
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: 2 slaves; meadow, 2 acres; woodland, 12 pigs.
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The value is and always was £6.
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: Earl Harold held this land.
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: 3 Freemen hold 4.5 acres of the same land from the Countess; they held it themselves before 1066 and found escort.  A man of Earl Algar's held 2 acres and found escort.
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''Note: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_of_Lens Countess Judith] was a niece of King William, hence a Norman.''

Latest revision as of 06:52, 28 June 2015

The Domesday Book was a census ordered by William the Conqueror in 1086 AD to determine what taxes could be levied from all the lands he had gained in his victory. The National Archives Website describes the complex hierarchy of ownership of land.

Starting with King William, there were then Tenants-In-Chief (Lords and Church institutions) whose right to the land came directly from the king. The tenants-in-chief then sublet to other nobles, who kept some of the land for their own benefit (the land called Demesne), and the rest was sublet to the general population for various rents (in money, goods, or services for example for farming the demesne, or providing fighting men). Estates were called manors, and the manors did not correspond with parishes - there could be several manors that includes parts of the parish of Carlton.

The first part of each record lists who owned the land in 1086, but the last section also states who owned it before the Norman invasion 20 years earlier.

From it we can get some idea of what Carlton was like between 1066 and 1086.

Notes:

  • A hide was an amount of land for taxation purposes. It wasn't a fixed area, but 120 acres can be used as a rough guideline.
  • A plough was a team of 8 oxen and a plough - and the area they could farm (between 48-120 acres).
  • Only adult males were recorded.
  • A Freeman did not owe allegiance to any lord.

The whole of the Domesday book is available online, with a page on Carlton.

Here are the Carlton specific sections reproduced, with translations.


Land of Count Eustace

DomesdayCarlton15.png

In RADFIELD Hundred William of Warenne holds 2 hides and 7.5 acres in CARLTON. Walter of Grand-court holds from him. Land for 4 ploughs. In lordship 3;

1.5 villagers with 3 smallholders have 1 plough.
3 slaves; meadow for 2 oxen; woodland, 12 pigs.

The value is and always was £4

Toki, King Edward's thane, held this manor.

Note: this refers to King Edward as being the previous rightful owner, this is because King William did not recognise Harold as King.


In the same village the Abbot of Cluny holds 4 hides and 2 acres from William. Land for 7 ploughs. In lordship 3;

4 villagers with 14 smallholders have 3 ploughs.
3 slaves; woodland, 100 pigs.

The value is and always was £8.

Earl Algar held this land.

Land of Count Alan

DomesdayCarlton14.png

In CARLTON Wymarc holds 1 virgate of land from the Count. A Freeman held it; he found cartage.

Wymarc also holds 1.5 hides from the Count. Land for 3 ploughs. In lordship 2;

3 villagers with 3 smallholders have 1 plough.
3 slaves; meadow for 2 oxen; woodland, 10 pigs.

The value is and was £3.

Young Godwin held this lad under Edeva; he could not withdraw.

Land of Hardwin of Scales

DomesdayCarlton24.png

In RADFIELD Hundred

In Carlton 2 men-at-arms hold 0.5 hide less three acres from Hardwin. Land for 0.5 plough; it is there. The value is and always was 10s.

2 Freemen held 38 acres of this land under Harold and found 1 escort for the Sheriff; a third held 8 acres from Earl Algar and found cartage, but he could not withdraw.


Land of Countess Judith

DomesdayCarlton39.png

In RADFIELD Hundred

In CARLTON the Countess holds 3 hides. Land for 8 ploughs. In lordship 1.5 hides; 2 ploughs there;

12 villagers with 2 smallholders have 6 ploughs.
2 slaves; meadow, 2 acres; woodland, 12 pigs.

The value is and always was £6.

Earl Harold held this land.
3 Freemen hold 4.5 acres of the same land from the Countess; they held it themselves before 1066 and found escort. A man of Earl Algar's held 2 acres and found escort.

Note: Countess Judith was a niece of King William, hence a Norman.